Networking Principles Essays - Scripting Languages, Variable

Networking Principles Dial-Up Scripting Command Language For Dial-Up Networking Scripting Support Copyright (c) 1995 Microsoft Corp. Table of Contents 1.0 Overview 2.0 Basic Structure of a Script 3.0 Variables 3.1 System Variables 4.0 String Literals 5.0 Expressions 6.0 Comments 7.0 Keywords 8.0 Commands 9.0 Reserved Words 1.0 Overview Many Internet service providers and online services require you to manually enter information, such as your user name and password, to establish a connection. With Scripting support for Dial-Up Networking, you can write a script to automate this process. A script is a text file that contains a series of commands, parameters, and expressions required by your Internet service provider or online service to establish the connection and use the service. You can use any text editor, such as Microsoft Notepad, to create a script file. Once you've created your script file, you can then assign it to a specific Dial-Up Networking connection by running the Dial-Up Scripting Tool. 2.0 Basic Structure of a Script A command is the basic instruction that a script file contains. Some commands require parameters that further define what the command should do. An expression is a combination of operators and arguments that create a result. Expressions can be used as values in any command. Examples of expressions include arithmetic, relational comparisons, and string concatenations. The basic form of a script for Dial-Up Networking follows: ; ; A comment begins with a semi-colon and extends to ; the end of the line. ; proc main ; A script can have any number of variables ; and commands variable declarations command block endproc A script must have a main procedure, specified by the proc keyword, and a matching endproc keyword, indicating the end of the procedure. You must declare variables before you add commands. The first command in the main procedure is executed, and then any subsequent commands are executed in the order they appear in the script. The script ends when the end of the main procedure is reached. 3.0 Variables Scripts may contain variables. Variable names must begin with a letter or an underscore ('_'), and may contain any sequence of upper- or lower-case letters, digits, and underscores. You cannot use a reserved word as a variable name. For more information, see the list of reserved words at the end of this document. You must declare variables before you use them. When you declare a variable, you must also define its type. A variable of a certain type may only contain values of that same type. The following three types of variables are supported: Type Description integer A negative or positive number, such as 7, -12, or 5698. string A series of characters enclosed in double-quotes; for example, Hello world! or Enter password:. boolean A logical boolean value of TRUE or FALSE. Variables are assigned values using the following assignment statement: variable = expression The variable gets the evaluated expression. Examples: integer count = 5 integer timeout = (4 * 3) integer i boolean bDone = FALSE string szIP = (getip 2) set ipaddr szIP 3.1 System Variables System variables are set by scripting commands or are determined by the information your enter when you set up a Dial-Up Networking connection. System variables are read-only, which means they cannot be changed within the script. The system variables are: Name Type Description $USERID String The user identification for the current connection. This variable is the value of the user name specified in the Dial-Up Networking Connect To dialog box. $PASSWORD String The password for the current connection. This variable is the value of the user name specified in the Dial-Up Networking Connect To dialog box. $SUCCESS Boolean This variable is set by certain commands to indicate whether or not the command succeeded. A script can make decisions based upon the value of this variable. $FAILURE Boolean This variable is set by certain commands to indicate whether or not the command failed. A script can make decisions based upon the value of this variable. These variables may be used wherever an expression of a similar type is used. For example, transmit $USERID is a valid command because $USERID is a variable of type string. 4.0 String Literals Scripting for Dial-Up Networking supports escape sequences and caret translations, as described below. String Literal Description ^char Caret translation If char is a value between '@' and '_', the character sequence is translated into a single-byte value between 0 and 31. For example, ^M is converted to a carriage return. If char is a value between

Free Essays on The Man in a Case

and... Free Essays on The Man in a Case Free Essays on The Man in a Case Lackluster Lover In Wendy Wasserstein ¡Ã‚ ¦s play,  ¡Ã‚ §The Man in a Case, ¡Ã‚ ¨ Varinka is a woman who is defined by her free spirit and love for Byelinkov. She never planned to marry before she met him as no one wanted her like Byelinkov does:  ¡Ã‚ §It was just that no man ever looked at me and saw a wife ¡Ã‚ ¨ (695). Her outgoing, outlandish behavior is what makes her who she is, but ultimately costs her Byelinkov as she continuously acts out foolishly, doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t really show respect towards Byelinkov ¡Ã‚ ¦s thoughts and beliefs and never truly believes herself to be a suitable wife. Good! Varinka is a very happy, outgoing woman who pretty much does as she wants. She doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t care about the so called  ¡Ã‚ §expectable ¡Ã‚ ¨ lady like behavior that she is supposed to abide by, which ultimately causes a conflict between her and Byelinkov. After the two lovers have had a wonderful afternoon in the garden, Varinka explains that she had road her bicycle across town to see Byelinkov:  ¡Ã‚ §You rode to my house by bicycle! Did anyone see you! ¡Ã‚ ¨ (695). The fact is that in there village women do not do such things as ride bicycles, especially the future bride of the town Master of Greek and Latin. „ ²use a colon after your introductory sentence!  ¡Ã‚ §A woman can be arrested for riding a bicycle. That is not progressive, it is a premeditated revolutionary act ¡Ã‚ ¨ (695). Also there is the fact that she humiliated him as well as putting his reputation on the line when she spoke with the headmaster ¡Ã‚ ¦s wife.  ¡Ã‚ §You saw the headmaster ¡Ã‚ ¦s wife ¡Ã‚ ¨ (695).  ¡Ã‚ §Did she laugh or smile ¡Ã‚ ¨ (695)? The fact Overusing "the fact that" in this essay ¡K leave it out ¡K that he asked if she was laughed at was important because if she laughed at her then he would feel as if he was being laughed at on her behalf. As Varinka declared to everyone in town that Byelinkov was her future husband, she also took on the ability to diminish his reputation with her words and...

Whats a Bad SAT Score Nationally and by College

What's a Bad SAT Score Nationally and by College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you taken the SAT recently? Are you wondering whether your score is bad? Or maybe you just want to know the score to beat before you take the SAT for the first time. In this article, we'll explain what a bad SAT score is, both in terms of the national averages and the colleges you might be interested in. What's Considered a "Bad" SAT Score Nationally? Looking at the 2018 SAT Total Group annual report, we see that a composite score below 1068 is below average. In terms of the sections, an Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score below 536 is below average, while a Math score below 531 is below average. This means that if you want to be above average nationally, you'll need to beat a 1068 total score. According to the2018 SAT percentiles, any composite score of 920 or lower is in the bottom 25%. In other words, if you score at or below this benchmark, your score is definitely in the low range. (Learnmore about SAT percentile rankings here.) What Do Colleges Think a Low SAT Score Is? While your national rank is important,it’s far more important to think about what your score means in terms of the colleges you want to attend. After all, you take the SAT to get admitted to colleges, so their opinion is ultimately the most important. If you’re above a college’s average SAT score range- even if your score seems low nationally- then your admissions chances won’t be compromised. Conversely, you could have a score that looks good nationally- say, in the 90th percentile (a 1340)- but is far below the ranges of selective colleges, such asthe Ivy League, Stanford, and MIT. As you can see, it'smuch more important to consider SAT scores within thecontext of your target colleges. Now let's explore some score ranges to determine what constitutes a "bad" SAT score at various colleges. What’s a Bad SAT Score for the Most Selective Schools? If you’re aiming for the most selective schools in the country- think Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Yale, MIT- pretty much any SAT scores that aren’t considered excellent nationally are seen as low. For example, at Harvard, the SAT middle 50% ranges(i.e., the 25th to 75th percentile scores) are 730-800 for Math and 730-790 for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. That's pretty high! Additionally, since highly competitive colleges routinely turn away applicants with scores within their average ranges, it’s safest to aim for an SAT score in the top 50% of admitted student scores- not just to be within the middle 50% range. In fact, being in the lower half of a highly selective college’s score ranges can dramatically lower your chances of admission. For example, if the school’s normal admission rate is 10% but your SAT score is in the 25thpercentile for that school, your chances of admission are really just 5% or lower. Your SAT composite score should be 1500 or higher (about 750 or higher per section) if you want to be competitive at highly selective schools. Anything below that will significantly lower your chances. Anything below 1400 (about 700 per section) is decidedly low and makes your admission more unlikely. What’s a Bad SAT Score for Selective Schools? Once you’re out of the top 15 colleges in the country, a "bad" SAT score for a school is anything below its middle 50% range. We say "bad" not because the score is necessarily bad on a national scale, but because it could lower your chances of admission. To take one example, let’s look at Boston University. BU is a selective school, ranked in the top 50 nationwide. ItsSAT middle 50% score ranges are 660-760 on Math and 640-720 onEBRW. A bad score would be anything below these section score ranges, or roughly anything lower than a 1300 SAT composite. So even though a 1300 is a strong SAT score nationally (in the top 13% of test takers!),you'd need to get at least that scoreto be competitive at BU. What constitutes a "bad" SAT score at a selective school will vary by college, so look up the ranges of schools you're interested in using our guide below. What’s a Bad SAT Score for a Local State School? If you’re looking to get into a local university or less competitive school,SAT averages are much more forgiving. For example, let’s look at the University of Massachusetts Boston. Itsmiddle 50% ranges are 510-600 for Math and 490-600 for EBRW. Therefore, for UMass Boston, a composite score around the national average of 1068 on the SAT is definitely within range for admission. In other words, there are many universities that are much more forgiving of an average or just below average SAT score. Look up your local schools below using our guide to figure out what their score ranges are. How to Find a College's SAT Score Ranges We've compiled the SAT score ranges for hundreds of colleges and universities nationwide as well as info on their average GPAs and other admissions data. To find a particular college's SAT score ranges for admission, search for "[School Name] SAT scores site:prepscholar.com": The SAT score ranges page should bethe first or second result: Click the link to get not just that school's SAT score ranges but also its average GPA and admission rate.We even have a tool that allows you to plug in your GPA and SAT/ACT scores to estimate your chance of admission. Here is what our SAT scores page for Stanford looks like: How to Avoid Getting a Bad SAT Score Now that you know what a bad SAT score looks like, what can you do to avoid getting one yourself? First, look up the middle 50% SAT ranges of all colleges you're interested in. By doing that, you can figure out the kind of SAT score you'll need to aim for to be competitive at your target schools. If you want, you can fill out the table below to track the 25th and 75th percentile SAT scores for each school you're thinking of applying to: School EBRW 25th %ile EBRW 75th %ile Math 25th %ile Math 75th %ile Composite 25th %ile Composite 75th %ile If you haven't taken the SAT yet or are planning to retake it, your target SAT score should be the upper bound of the middle 50% range of the most competitive school in your chart.As long as you make that score, you'll be competitive wherever you apply. Even if you miss it by a little bit, you'll likely be well within range for most colleges on your list. What’s Next? We’re covered what a bad SAT score might look like. So what’s a good SAT score? An excellent one? Find out here. How do you improve a low SAT score? Get expert tips for bringing up a low SAT Math score. Read our guide to getting a perfect SAT score, written by our resident full scorer. Even if you’re not aiming for a 1600, following these principles will help you reach your score goal. Not sure you can study alone? Consider using the PrepScholar SAT prep program. We take the hard part out of the studying process by analyzing your weaknesses and giving you targeted practice questions. Learn more about the SAT by reading our complete guide to the exam. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

An Investigation of the Effects of Smoking and International Public Essay

An Investigation of the Effects of Smoking and International Public Health Campaigns - Essay Example Initial investigations began in the Journal of the American Medical Association, their central website guides the user to salient articles available for purchase or library access. Specifically, this article will seek to answer whether health consequences of smoking over the past five decades is sufficient cause to trigger a public downturn in the prevalence of smoking. To this end, articles will be sought that describe long-term disease trends, as well as sociological shifts pertaining to public health, anti-smoking campaigns. A very recent study by Pierce and associates is highly relevant to this objective. An investigation was performed encompassing 1965 to 2007 to determine the prevalence of heavy, habitual smoking, in the United States, by age and birth cohorts in this instance; with a focus on the State of California. This, and other studies confirm that The intensity of smoking, not only its prevalence, is associated with future health risks. There were 139,176 total respondents within California and 1,662,353 for the remaining United States. Among individuals excluding Californians born between 1920-1929, the prevalence of moderate/high-intensity smoking, more than ten packs per day, was 40.5% in 1965. This high-level of tobacco consumption declined across successive birth cohorts, and it was noted that for the 1970-1979 birth cohort, the highest rate of moderate/high-intensity smoking was 9.7% in California and 18.3% in the remaining United States.... There were 139,176 total respondents within California and 1,662,353 for the remaining United States. Among individuals excluding Californians born between 1920-1929, the prevalence of moderate/high-intensity smoking, more than ten packs per day, was 40.5% in 1965. This high-level of tobacco consumption declined across successive birth cohorts, and it was noted that for the 1970-1979 birth cohort, the highest rate of moderate/high-intensity smoking was 9.7% in California and 18.3% in the remaining United States. There was a statistically relevant decrease in moderate/high-intensity smoking at older ages in all cohorts studied, but the decline was greater in California. According to this study, there has been considerable decrease in the prevalence of high-levels of tobacco consumption. The decrease is explicable both in terms of diminished onset of new smokers, and increase in prior smokers who succeed in breaking the nicotine addiction. Though more investigation is needed to clarify whether it is an awareness of the health-risks alone, either through personal experience or simple word-of-mouth, or whether public health campaigns should take credit for the decline. The British Medical Journal also proved to be a useful source; as a means to evaluate, on an international scale the effects of smoking, and various campaigns intended to lessen its toll on public health. A study was found in the BMJ database that described 50 years worth of smoking habits among male British doctors. The primary goal being a comparison of the hazards of cigarette smoking in British men who formed their habits at different time periods. In addition to determine the extent of any reduction in risks when cigarette smoking ceases at different ages. Essentially, the high

Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Presentation - Essay Example wer in relations in the family influence the use of the Internet?’ Does anybody here ever thought of how parents can actually influence the children’s use of the Internet? Do you agree that our mother or our father has a role to play with regards to a child’s exposure to the use of the Internet? Please raise your hand if you agree that parents have a strong influence in the child’s use of the Internet. Well, the answer to the research question is basically ‘YES’. To address the research question, our team decided to conduct a combined quantitative and qualitative research survey so that we can get a generalized and subjective response from each of the 12 randomly selected research participants. To learn more about the degree in which parents can affect the child’s use of the Internet, my group purposely conducted a combined quantitative and qualitative research survey study on a total of 12 students who are currently around 18 years of age. Basically, we have randomly selected 12 students from our school to participate in the fieldwork. Some of the questions used in the survey include those that are answerable by ‘yes’ or ‘no’. This will eventually give us the opportunity to compute for the generalized result. For example, the first research survey question purposely asked whether or not the research participant is using the Internet at least once a day. The second research survey question asked if the research participants agree that parents (both mother and father) have a strong influence on how you use the Internet. Our team also used an open-ended question which will allow us to generate a more subjective response from each of the research participants. For instance, in question no. 3, the research participants were requested to explain why their mother or their father has more power in controlling their internet usage. Question number 4 purposely asked how their parents influence their use of the Internet when they were young. (Table I

Just War Theory Essay Example for Free

Just War Theory Essay The Just War theory consists of 6 rules, which have to be obeyed when fighting at war against another country. The six rules are that war must be a last resort, those who are attacked deserve it, promote good over evil, the right amount of force must be applied, civilian death have to be avoided and the war must be started and controlled by the government. Wars such as the one in Afghanistan, do not in many ways follow this theory. The war does not in any ways promote good over evil and civilian death are never avoided, as many innocent civilians are killed when getting caught in the middle of cross-fires etc. I will conduct a case study on the Iraq war, further on in this essay. If I was able to add one extra agreement to the Just War theory, I would add that violence should always be kept to a minimum. I think this because violence causes the world’s most deaths in society today. This, in my opinion, is completely wrong and unacceptable as people should be able to live in a safe and free society, but this is never possible as you always have to be watching around you, as with some cases, you don’t know actually who to trust. To conduct a case study on the Iraq war, you would need to study the background history leading up to the start of the war in 2002-2003. Tony Blair (ex-prime minister) believed that Iraq were making nuclear weapons to lock themselves in a nuclear arms race, which could have potentially caused devastating consequences for the region and the wider world in general. This accusation caused the British and US forces to move in and declare a war with Iraq. British government believed that Iraq should not be allowed to develop nuclear weapons, and this is why Blair confronted Saddam Hussain (Iraq leader) to try to find out facts, and this ended in Blair declaring war with Iraq. Several years on now, in 2010, we now have a clear understanding that there was never any nuclear weapons out in Iraq, and in my opinion, we are fighting a war which was never ours and we are losing people in our country and society which lives should have never been lost in the first place. Shouldn’t we be only at war to help benefit our country? This is why some people send accusations and believe that Tony Blair is the one to blame for our British soldiers losing their lives out in Iraq. When you come down to think about it, the Just War theory comes into effect at only one point in the Iraq war. ‘War is started and controlled by the government’ comes into effect as the British government started the war and are still controlling it, 8 years after war was declared. The point that was never followed was ‘those who are attacked deserve it’. I believe this because in my opinion, we are in Iraq and we are attacking for no reason, as there is nothing which could benefit our country in any way. The Iraq war also does not promote good over evil, as in my opinion, how can going to war, ever promote good? Wouldn’t going to war be a bad thing and God would be against it? But on the other hand, the good of society would never go to war in the first place; you would only see evil at war. War should be avoided, using whatever ways possible.

Did Attitude Shape Catharine Parr Traill and Susanna Moodie Success as

Back in the 1830’s when it was unimaginable to journey for months to a foreign country so uncultivated; two naà ¯ve sisters did just that. The Backwoods of Canada is a straightforward, realistic account complied of letters written back home of Catharine Parr Traill’s first years in Canada. Roughing It in the Bush is a witty, autobiographical memoir written by her younger sister, Susanna Moodie. Their attitude to becoming pioneers was shaped by their temperaments and circumstance. Catharine’s attitude is one quiet acceptance and is reflected in her no-nonsense writing, whereas Susanna’s attitude first appears to have an edgier, less optimistic outlook on her new homeland, but she covers it up with a dry sense of humour in style and dialogue when reflecting on her Canadian experience. Upon examination, we first must look at the sisters’ temperament and attitude towards life. Their attitude on life comes out in their writing and we can sense how they would perceive their new homeland, Canada in the 1832. Catharine, the elder by 23 months was considered to be the â€Å"sweet-tempered and placid, was her father’s favourite child,† and Susanna, the youngest, â€Å"was the impulsive and defiant [one], with a wicked sense of humour† (Gray, 17, 18). Both sisters’ traits are clearly exposed in their approach to starting a new life in Canada. Even before moving to Canada, it was Susanna’s passion for life and her new baby that energized Catharine and Thomas to ‘get involved’, get married and to emigrate with Susanna and her family, but it was Catharine’s methodical calmness that got Susanna through the valleys and peaks in actually moving to Canada ( 48). Catharine and her husband were at an advantage over her sister when they first arrived in Canad... ...arine wrote with a no-nonsense positive style to assist women embarking on immigrating to Canada. Susanna wrote with humour and frankness to cover up her disgust and disappointment and to warn genteel women of the hardships of becoming pioneers. After researching these two sisters’ biographies, I realize that they both had fortitude beyond what I would be able to endure if I were in either of their shoes. Works Cited Parr Traill, Catharine. â€Å"The Backwoods of Canada.† An Anthology of Canadian Literature in English. 3rd ed. Ed.Donna Bennett, and Russell Brown. Don Mills, ON:Oxford, 2010, 102-108, Print. Moodie, Susanna. â€Å"Roughing It in the Bush.† An Anthology of Canadian Literature in English. 3rd ed. Ed.Donna Bennett, and Russell Brown. Don Mills, ON:Oxford, 2010, 102-108, Print. Gray, Charlotte. Sisters In The Wilderness. Toronto: Penguin, 1999. Print

5 Hour Energy Marketing Analysis

Dissecting A Marketing Strategy: 5 Hour Energy As he returned from a natural products trade show, Manoj Bhargava wondered to himself, â€Å"If I’m tired, do I also have to be thirsty? † As he contemplated this realization, he began to process it as a comparison of treatment of both a stomachache and a headache. Six months later he was entering one of the most saturated markets in the country, with a revolutionary product and a marketing plan that evolved from the placeholder name it still bears on the 3. 5 million units sold each year. -Hour Energy grossed north of $600 million last year and currently holds a 90% market share in the energy-shot business. Much of the company’s success can be attributed to a stringent customer-focused marketing plan, intent on distinguishing themselves in a competitive market by sharply reacting to customer focus groups. In dissecting the marketing strategy of Living Essential LLC’s 5-Hour Energy, I will detail how the compa ny was able to successfully target a market and position its’ product for sustained, long-run profitability. Market segmentation† is described as dividing a market into distinct segments that have similar needs or behaviors and behave in similar ways. Living Essential’s Bhargava had a product he believed could compete in the rapidly expanding energy drink market. The focus now shifted to identifying target groups of individuals that could be pulled away from the major players, such as Red Bull and Monster. With a goal to ambush the energy drink market with a customer-responsive product, Living Essential began laying out a $60 million research plan to identify a target market and develop a solid positioning strategy.The team of statisticians and psychologists embarked on a 36 month, nationwide research quest, utilizing focus groups, behavioral data collection, survey research and cross-sectional market analysis. At the core of this effort was a belief that in a mo nopolistically competitive market, the product needed to differentiate itself by directly fulfilling customer demands. The most glaring result of the company’s massive marketing research was that creating a profitable position in the energy drink market was only going to be possible by differentiating 5-Hour Energy from much larger conglomerate distributers.The product, in and of itself, possessed a points of parity laundry list when compared to other energy promoting soft drinks. Research showed that consumers were virtually indifferent as to the flavor, content and end-results of popular brands. The data did, however, produce several key areas where the potential for product differentiation shown out like a beacon of light in a cavernous black hole. Living Essential’s marketing team began swiftly developing a plan based on these very points of differentiation, which would slingshot the company into the market leader in only three short months.Equipped with the knowle dge about the target market they wanted to reach and the competitive advantage opportunities within the market, Living Essential began to refine its’ product. The marketing research results were at the forefront of product development. The decision was made that the company would not compete in refrigerated coolers with larger producers. One of the many customer complaints about energy drinks is that they need to consume nearly 12 ounces of a highly caffeinated, sugary beverage in order to get the jolt for which they were looking.From this data, 5-Hour Energy’s most important product concept was born: two-ounce bottles. Living Essential founder Manaj Bhargava had unknowingly identified one of the products biggest points of differentiation nearly a year prior on his return flight from the natural products conference: Must you be thirsty, because you’re tired? The answer from product focus groups was a resounding: â€Å"No! † Purchasers of energy drinks sim ply wanted energy. They were not engrossed in the requisite consumption of needless sugar calories that would, ultimately, lead to a â€Å"crash†, once the body had expended the artificial energy.The 5-Hour Energy product was now developing, in an effort to fulfill customer demand. This was the first major evolution toward becoming a demand-marketed product. Simple observation of the advertising efforts of popular energy drinks will lead you to the target demographic that energy drink producers hope their product will attract. If you have ever seen ESPN’s extreme sports competition, the X Games, the percentage odds are that you are a 13-17 year old boy.Even if you don’t happen to fall into that category, it would be glaringly obvious that energy drinks have deemed this demographic as their primary consumer targets. Nearly every competitor’s outerwear is littered with red-winged patches and most are promptly provided with a post-competition energy drink, l ogo facing outwards, at the conclusion of their â€Å"extreme† event. 5-Hour Energy’s marketing team consequently posed the question following their research results: â€Å"Are teens the only people in this world who are looking for extra energy? After all, it might be said that young boys have plenty of energy without caffeinated encouragement. Living Essential now had its’ second major point of differentiation on which to launch a marketing campaign. Seeking a niche that would give access to the energy drink market, Living Essential positioned itself as a product focused on individuals who work long hours, maintain non-traditional schedules and hold alertness-critical positions. Contrary to their competition, 5-Hour Energy attempted to appeal to demographics such as stay-at-home moms, doctors and professional athletes.Advertising efforts were geared toward weary professionals in contrast to BMX riding thrill-seekers. The underlying theory was that everyone ne eds energy. That being said, there was no room in the market for yet another energy drink. Living Essential could not bring forth another comparable product and compete with the brand recognition Red Bull and Monster already had in place. Using research data, Living Essential had identified the product’s differentiation advantages and the target market for optimizing sustained profitability in the energy drink market.The company, still directionally led by market research, now needed to determine at what price consumers would value their product. The conclusion that 5-Hour Energy could not effectively compete with large manufacturers was made, due mostly to the cost of retail space in refrigerated coolers. By making this concession however, it forced the upstart manufacturers to explore the retail spaces and the implicit nature of the product actually created a competitive advantage. The answer lay in the physical size of the product. Because 5-Hour Energy was not marketing i tself as an energy â€Å"beverage,† it didn’t eed to place the product in coolers next to Pepsi and Coca-Cola. Instead, the company made the decision to market 5-Hour Energy as a point-of-sale item. There was no need to have the bottles chilled, as consumers placed no additional value in temperature of only 2 ounces of consumable liquid. Next, they determined the size of the product gave them a pricing advantage as well. The cost of production for a 2-ounce product, as compared to the average 8-12 ounces of the competitors’ energy drinks, was far more cost effective.By reducing profit margins slightly, in order to sell 5-Hour Energy at a lower cost to consumer, they were able to increase the product’s value compared to competition. Living Essentials introduced the product in test markets at GNC stores in several geographic markets priced at two bottles for $5. After one week, the health food store reported that some of its stores had actually implemented wait-lists for the next shipments of 5-Hour Energy. The team at Living Essential realized they had a unique product, untapped target market and price point, that had endless potential.Bound still by the inability to financially support a large mainstream distribution, the company hired small distributors to peddle the product to convenience stores, encouraging them to put it on the counter next to lighters and key chains. It did not take long for larger competitors to take notice of the success that 5-Hour Energy was enjoying. The tiny, upstart package had not only stolen market share from the big names in the energy drink market, it had created from this share an entirely different market. The term Energy Shot was born.Today, all the major manufacturers of energy drinks have scrambled to enter the energy shot market, but 5-Hour Energy has the only real brand-recognition. Living Essential spends a modest amount on advertising in order to maintain its’ leadership position, but continues with a no-frills approach. Like the name of the product, which was only meant as a place holder originally until a marketable name was conceived, 5-Hour Energy delivers an old fashioned Proctor & Gamble message: Here’s the product, Here’s the features; Here’s the Benefits.It has been said, that one does not need to have invented rubber to sell tires. 5-Hour Energy did not create a market in energy promoting beverages. In fact, their recognition that they could not have survived in such a market, is the primary reason for their success. The progression of Living Essentials energy shot product reinforces the principles of marketing and the forces that good marketing can have on consumer behaviors. When the focus shifts from selling people your product, to producing the product they want, the odds of sustained profitability are exponentially increased. -Hour Energy utilized fundamentally sound research techniques to develop a marketing plan that emphasiz ed the competitive advantage of the product. With continued attention to the static nature of their target market and demographic segmentations, the company can look forward to a long and prosperous future. After all, people will always be thirsty, and they will always be tired, however, both problems do not need to be remedied with one product.

Abortion Is a Form of Murder

Each year, two out of every one hundred women aged fifteen to forty-four have an abortion, 48 % of them have had at least one previous abortion and 61% percent have had a previous birth. This means that these women understand the joy of a baby being born, and still choose to take away their privilege to live. They’ve carried these children before and know the happiness of seeing their own healthy child in their arms for the first time. Why then, when they know they are creating a new life inside of them, do they choose to deprive their child the right to live and experience everything life has to offer? They willingly decide to kill that child and decide to have an abortion. Hence, abortion should be illegal because one is committing an inhumane act by killing an innocent child inside the mother’s womb. The reasons included are abortion is a form of murder, causes many psychological issues, other means of contraceptives are available, legal view against abortion, is very costly, and abortion can cause medical complications. â€Å"Abortion is a form of murder and demeans the value of human life. When a mother is carrying a child, she does not say â€Å"oh, the fetus kicked† or â€Å"oh, the mass of cells that hasn’t become a person kicked†, the mother says â€Å"the baby kicked† (Balanced Politics). After contraception the baby is considered alive and a human. According to â€Å"The Official Senate report on Senate Bill 158†, the â€Å"Human Life Bill†, says that conception marks the beginning of the human life of a human being- a being that is alive and a member of the human species. The life of the baby begins right away; one cannot take that away and kill the baby. Everything that determines the individuality and originality of a person is established at conception. The first single cell contains the entire genetic blueprint of the human being. Abortion ends the innocent life of a baby. From conception, the new human conceived deserves the full protection of the law just as any other person does. Abortion causes many psychological issues not only to the mother, but also to the family. Many women who have an abortion in their younger years end up living the rest of their lives in permanent guilt. Even if the mother is fine with aborting the child, the father may not be. The father might want to keep the baby, but he thinks he has no legal alternative if the mother chooses abortion. Why should he suffer for the decision the mother makes? Abortion causes damage to everyone. In a study of post-abortion patients only 8 weeks after their abortion, researchers found that 44% complained of nervous disorders, 36% had experienced sleep disturbances, 31% had regrets about their decision, and 11% had been prescribed psychotropic medicine by their family doctor. Since many post-aborted women use repression as a coping mechanism, there may be a long period of denial before a woman seeks psychiatric care (Major Psychological Sequelae of Abortion). These repressed feelings may cause illnesses and psychiatric or behavioral issues in other areas of the mother’s life. As a result, some counselors report that unacknowledged post-abortion distress is the main factor in many of their female patients, even though their patients have come to them seeking therapy for seemingly unrelated problems. Also, women may experience abortion as a traumatic event. Many are forced into unwanted abortions by husbands, boyfriends, parents, or others. If the woman has repeatedly been a victim of domineering abuse, such an unwanted abortion may be perceived as the ultimate violation in a life characterized by abuse. Other women, no matter how compelling the reasons they have for seeking an abortion, may still perceive the termination of their pregnancy as the violent killing of their own child. The fear, anxiety, pain, and guilt associated with abortion all cause damage to the motherand anyone who is associated with the baby being aborted (Major Psychological Sequelae of Abortion). Women have the right to treat their bodies however they want, but there are other means of birth control that are much more suitable; abortion should be a last resort option and even then only if it is absolutely necessary. If a woman does not want to become pregnant, she should avoid this with some sort of contraception or abstinence. There are many ways that a woman can prevent pregnancy, the most common of which being a birth control pill that generally must be taken once a day. If a woman accidentally becomes pregnant she can choose to put the child up for adoption, take the morning after pill, which is generally a stronger dose of a birth control pill, or use a copper intrauterine device, which must be inserted within five days of conception in order to work properly. If they find out too late to use either the morning after pill or to use a CID, they should make the right choice and put the child up for adoption. A big mistake that most people think is that the morning after pill is the same thing has having an abortion because you are killing the baby, but the pill kills the sperm before it conceives the egg and is not actually killing the baby. About 1. 5 million American families want to adopt children, and women have up to nine months to decide where and who they want to raise their child. It is a win-win situation for the mother because she does not have to kill her baby if she does not want the child; instead she is doing a good thing by giving up the child for adoption. Rape and incest victims should take the morning after pill to prevent a pregnancy if they do not want it to occur, or put the child up for adoption. It is understandable for the mother to not want to go through with the birth because she wants to forget about the incident, but it is a much better alternative to abortion and a much safer one. The only situation where abortion is understandable is when the mother is in danger of dying because of giving birth to the baby. This happens in ectopic pregnancies, where the fetus begins developing outside of the womb. In this situation the mother can resort to abortion, because her life is in danger. The baby has a zero change of living also (Balanced Politics). There are many legal arguments that support not having an abortion. A good example of a case is of Roe v. Wade, which allows abortion seven months into pregnancy. It violates the standard of legal reasoning. The Supreme Court made a decision on not to decide when life began. It overturned state laws that protected the unborn and has resulted in over 30 million abortions (roughly the population of Canada) in the United States. The Supreme Court clearly stated that it does not know when life begins and then violated the very spirit of this legal principle by acting as if it just proved that no life existed in the womb. A crucial role of government is to protect life. Government cannot remove a segment of the human population from its protection without adequate justification. For example,† A hunter who hears rustling in the bushes shouldn't fire until he knows what is in the bushes. Likewise, a Court which doesn't know when life begins should not declare open season on the unborn. † (Arguments Against Abortion). Abortion is extremely expensive and tax money should not support this horrible act. The First trimester procedures run about $500-1000. Second trimester procedures cost $600-10,000. People have the right to see where their tax money is going. Abortion is a medical procedure that must be performed by a doctor. The government contributes to many health care institutions such as Healthcare for the Homeless, Planned Parenthood, free clinics, etc. Planned Parenthood, through promoting abortion, has killed far more people than the Third Reich did. It is the most efficient mass-murder machine ever devised, and is funded by our federal tax dollars. It may not use our tax money to abort babies but our taxes buy and maintain the office, hire the personnel, and pay for the counseling that leads to the abortion. Everyone who pays taxes has the right to prevent their money from going to these institutions that commit murder by killing an innocent child (Abortion And Your Taxes). Abortion also causes various medical complications to the mother. Some complications include blocked fallopian tubes, weakened cervix, uterine scarring, and damage to the mother’s reproductive system, which may make her unable to conceive in the future. Women may also face the increase in the probability of tubal babies, hysterectomies, miscarriages, still births, and premature deaths. Abortion increases the chance of breast, uterine, and cervical cancer. â€Å"During a women’s pregnancy a surge of hormone, estrogen, causes the breast cells to divide, become more mature and secrete milk† (Anti-Abortion Arguments). During this process of cell division they are more susceptible to cancer causing agents. If the woman has an abortion, the natural process is interrupted and her breast cells will remain immature. Also, not all abortions are 100% hygienically clean, which may create a leeway for hundreds of types of infections for the mother. For example, if the mother cannot afford a proper abortion, and has an abortion in a dangerous location or environment it can be harmful because the proper tools are not being used and they might not be properly sanitized (Anti-Abortion Arguments). In conclusion, abortion should be illegal due to the specific reasons mentioned in the above paragraphs. Abortion is a very harmful process which could in the end harm not only the mother, but the father too. Killing a human is never what someone should decide on doing; instead they should consider giving the baby up for adoption. The mother carrying the child should realize that there are a lot of other options available for her and she does not have to kill a human if she does not want the baby. If a woman has been raped, she should take the morning after pill and it will help her have a less of a chance of being pregnant. In the end the guilt of killing a human will never leave the mother. Why live with that guilt feeling when one knows there are many other options out there instead of killing an innocent baby?

Free Essays on The Controversy On Condoms

The Controversy on Condoms Sex Sells! Many advertising companies have demonstrated it does. But, does safe sex sell? If you’re channel surfing during prime time, on network television, you may see a group of 20’ something women discussing their life long friendship and their similar choice in oral birth control. Also, a woman lovingly speaks of her husband’s decision to use Viagra for the sake of their relationship. What are you least likely to see? Probably a commercial for condoms. If I had to identify exactly what makes condoms controversial in this country, I believe it is the fact that they are worn on an erect penis. Anytime you introduce the penis, especially an erect one, sex is implied. The condom is guilty by association. Networks have been slow to respond to the increasing public acceptance of condom ads for the fear of arousing opposition from conservative groups. Network executives cite concerns that some viewers believe condoms encourage promiscuity or may be uncomfortable with the idea of condom advertisements within the privacy of their homes. However, a June 2001 Kaiser Family Foundation study revealed that Americans might be more open to condom advertisements than the networks believe. The survey found that a whopping 71-percent of Americans favor allowing condom advertisements on television; 37-percent say the ads should be allowed to air at anytime; the other 34-percent say they should only show them during a specific time period; and 25-percent said condom advertisements should not be allowed to air at all. Interestingly, more people opposed beer ads on television, 34-percent, than condom ads. Throughout the 1960’s and 1970’s the National Association of Broadcasters’ (NAB) code of conduct prohibited condom advertising out right. A San Jose, California television station, violated the prohibition with a Trojan condom commercial in 1975, but discontinued the advertisement soon there... Free Essays on The Controversy On Condoms Free Essays on The Controversy On Condoms The Controversy on Condoms Sex Sells! Many advertising companies have demonstrated it does. But, does safe sex sell? If you’re channel surfing during prime time, on network television, you may see a group of 20’ something women discussing their life long friendship and their similar choice in oral birth control. Also, a woman lovingly speaks of her husband’s decision to use Viagra for the sake of their relationship. What are you least likely to see? Probably a commercial for condoms. If I had to identify exactly what makes condoms controversial in this country, I believe it is the fact that they are worn on an erect penis. Anytime you introduce the penis, especially an erect one, sex is implied. The condom is guilty by association. Networks have been slow to respond to the increasing public acceptance of condom ads for the fear of arousing opposition from conservative groups. Network executives cite concerns that some viewers believe condoms encourage promiscuity or may be uncomfortable with the idea of condom advertisements within the privacy of their homes. However, a June 2001 Kaiser Family Foundation study revealed that Americans might be more open to condom advertisements than the networks believe. The survey found that a whopping 71-percent of Americans favor allowing condom advertisements on television; 37-percent say the ads should be allowed to air at anytime; the other 34-percent say they should only show them during a specific time period; and 25-percent said condom advertisements should not be allowed to air at all. Interestingly, more people opposed beer ads on television, 34-percent, than condom ads. Throughout the 1960’s and 1970’s the National Association of Broadcasters’ (NAB) code of conduct prohibited condom advertising out right. A San Jose, California television station, violated the prohibition with a Trojan condom commercial in 1975, but discontinued the advertisement soon there...

Learn About the Crimean War

Learn About the Crimean War The Crimean War is perhaps remembered mostly for the â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade,† a poem written about a disastrous episode when British cavalry valiantly attacked the wrong objective in a battle. The war was also significant for the pioneering nursing of Florence Nightingale, the reporting of a man considered the first war correspondent, and the first use of photography in a war. The war itself, however, arose from muddled circumstances. The conflict between superpowers of the day was fought between allies Britain and France against Russia and its Turkish ally. The result of the war did not make enormous changes in Europe. Although rooted in longstanding rivalries, the Crimean War erupted over what was obviously a pretext involving religion of populations in the Holy Land. It was almost as if the large powers in Europe wanted a war at that time to keep each other in check, and they found an excuse to have it. Causes of the Crimean War In the early decades of the 19th century, Russia had grown into a mighty military power. By 1850 Russia appeared to be intent on spreading its influence southward. Britain was concerned that Russia would expand to the point where it held power over the Mediterranean. The French emperor Napoleon III, in the early 1850s, had forced the Ottoman Empire to recognize France as a sovereign authority in the Holy Land. The Russian tsar objected and began his own diplomatic maneuvering. The Russians claimed to be protecting the religious freedom of Christians in Holy Land. War Declared By Britain and France Somehow the obscure diplomatic wrangling led to open hostilities, and Britain and France declared war against Russia on March 28, 1854. The Russians appeared willing, at first, to avoid war. But demands put forth by Britain and France were not met, and a larger conflict seemed unavoidable. The Invasion of the Crimea In September 1854 the allies struck the the Crimea, a peninsula in the present day Ukraine. The Russians had a large naval base at Sevastopol, on the Black Sea, which was the ultimate target of the invasion force. The British and French troops, after landing at Calamita Bay, began marching southward toward Sevastopol, which was approximately 30 miles away. The allied armies, with about 60,000 troops, encountered a Russian force at the River Alma and a battle ensued. The British commander, Lord Raglan, who had not been in combat since losing an arm at Waterloo nearly 30 years earlier, had considerable trouble coordinating his attacks with his French allies. Despite these problems, which would become common throughout the war, the British and French routed the Russian army, which fled. The Russians regrouped at Sevastopol. The British, bypassing that major base, attacked the town of Balaclava, which had a harbor that could be used as a supply base. Ammunition and siege weapons began to be unloaded, and the allies prepared for an eventual attack on Sevastopol. The British and French began an artillery bombardment of Sevastopol on October 17, 1854. The time-honored tactic did not seem to have much effect. On October 25, 1854, the Russian commander, Prince Aleksandr Menshikov, ordered an attack on the allied lines. The Russians attacked a weak position and stood a good chance of reaching the town of Balaclava until they were repulsed heroically by Scottish Highlanders. Charge of the Light Brigade As the Russians were fighting the Highlanders, another Russian unit began removing British guns from an abandoned position. Lord Raglan ordered his light cavalry to prevent that action, but his orders got confused and the legendary Charge of the Light Brigade was launched against the wrong Russian position. The 650 men of the regiment raced into certain death, and at least 100 men were killed in the first minutes of the charge. The battle ended with the British having lost a lot of ground, but with the standoff still in place. Ten days later the Russians attacked again. In what was known as the Battle of the Inkermann, the armies fought in very wet and foggy weather. That day ended with high casualties on the Russian side, but again the fighting was indecisive. The Siege Continued As the winter weather approached and conditions deteriorated, the fighting came to a virtual halt with the siege of Sevastopol still in place. During the winter of 1854-55 the war became an ordeal of disease and malnutrition. Thousands of troops died of exposure and contagious illnesses spread through the camps. Four times as many troops died of illness than combat wounds. In late 1854 Florence Nightingale arrived in Constantinople and began treating British troops in hospitals. She was shocked by the appalling conditions she encountered. The armies stayed in trenches throughout the spring of 1855, and assaults on Sevastopol were finally planned for June 1855. Attacks on fortresses protecting the city were launched and repulsed on June 15, 1855, thanks largely to incompetence by the British and French attackers. The British commander, Lord Raglan, had taken ill and died on June 28, 1855. Another attack on Sevastopol was launched in September 1855, and the city finally fell to the British and French. At that point the Crimean War was essentially over, though some scattered fighting went on until February 1856. Peace was finally declared in late March 1856. Consequences of the Crimean War While the British and French did eventually capture their objective, the war itself could not be considered a great success. It was marked by incompetence and what was widely perceived as needless loss of life. The Crimean War did check the Russian expansionist tendencies. But Russia itself was not really defeated, as the Russian homeland was not attacked.

Marketing concept Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing concept - Assignment Example It will then examine why Beats Electronics used this particular concept and the extent to which it has been forced to accommodate changing trends in consumer trends and the resources that were deployed in marketing this concept and finally the analysis will consider how this concept enabled the firm to enhance on its business performance. Increasingly, firms are placing more emphasis on retaining their customers and often it takes a significant amount of effort, time as well as money in both attracting a new customer. Creating long term customers are seen as most beneficial (Gronroos & Voima, 2011). Relationship marketing is one of the theories which can be used to not only develop but also to liquidate the relationships that firms have with their customers in a manner that not only creates value, but also enhances on the firm’s level of competitiveness (Gronroos & Voima, 2011). Service quality is also another theory that seeks to explain customer value and here the quality of the provided service or product is exactly how the customer wishes it to be. In many instances, customers have a significantly wider speculation of quality which means that firms have to determine the quality in the same manner as their customers (Shamim & Ghazali, 2014). In the case of Beats Electronics, both Dr.Dre and Jimmy Iovine wished to provide the customer with similar headphones to the ones Apple had in the market but with better sound quality (Helm, 2014). Service quality in this instance is made up of two distinct parts which is the expected and perceived service. The perceived quality is made of two aspects: one is technical which is what the customer gets and customers often look to this aspect since it provides an overview of how the firm’s products can provide a technical solution to the problem (Shamim & Ghazali, 2014). The other aspect is functional which strives to examine the